Hyatt Regency Atlanta
265 Peachtree Street, NE , Atlanta, GA
Tel: 404-577-1234
Fax: 404-588-4137
The Hyatt Regency Atlanta is designed to meet every need of the business traveler. The hotel has several features such as a fitness center and swimming pool which is open between 5:00 AM - 11:00 PM.The Hyatt's Business Center is equipped to handle all your needs such as copying and printing, faxing, shipping, computer workstations, design services and much more.The Business Center's hours are 7:00 AM - 7:00 PM.

Hungry? The Hyatt Regency is home to 3 full service restaurants, a coffee bar and a lobby bar. Room service is also available between the hours of 6:30 AM - 12:30 AM. If you need assistance with shopping, babysitting or finding a spa the concierge will be happy to assist you.

The Hyatt Regency Atlanta is located 13 miles from Atlanta's Hartsfield International Airport in the heart of downtown Atlanta. The hotel is located next door to Peachtree Center which offers premier shopping and is nearby to America's Mart, Georgia World Congress Center, Georgia Dome, Underground Atlanta and Centennial Olympic Park.

A block of rooms has been set aside for attendees of the AAAR Annual Conference. Make your reservation directly with the Hyatt Regency Atlanta by calling 1-800-233-1234. Be sure to mention the AAAR conference to receive the group rate. Reservations must be made by August 31, 2004. After August 31, reservations will be taken on a room and rate availability basis. Room rates for standard single/double occupancy are $159.00 exclusive of appropriate state and local taxes. All reservations require one night's deposit or credit card guarantee. Cancellations must be made 24 hours prior to the arrival date. All room type accommodations and other special requests may not be available. Should this be the case, the next available room type will be assigned.

NEW FOR 2004!
A limited number of rooms are available at a government rate on a first come, first served basis. Government credentials are required at check-in. For those who qualify call 1-800-233-1234. Please also inform the agent that you are with AAAR.

DO NOT SEND HOTEL REQUESTS TO THE AAAR REGISTRATION OFFICE.
This will delay your hotel reservation.

Platinum	TSI Incorporated
Gold	National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Silver	Quant Technologies

AAAR gratefully acknowledges the generous support of the following symposium sponsors:

EPRI
Southern Company
ISAM
EPA
Eli Lilly

AAAR offers opportunities to promote and demonstrate commitment to the science of aerosol by becoming a sponsor of the Annual Conference. Companies not able to sign on as sponsors can still support AAAR and increase their exposure by advertising in the Final Program and/ or Abstract Book. Those interested in either of these opportunities for 2005 should contact Deanna Bright at (856) 439- 9080 or email info@aaar.org.

For information on specific sponsorship opportunities of advertising, please click here.

AAAR would like to thank TSI for sponsoring the Conference bags and NOAA for sponsoring the boxed lunch.

For more information about Atlanta click here.

04 Conference Host Hotel - Hyatt Regency Atlanta

Atlanta City Guide

Centennial Olympic Park is the place where history was made in 1996 during the Olympic Game's Centennial Year. Today, the park hosts plenty of family friendly entertainment like holiday celebrations, concerts, contests, fountain shows and more. Visit www.centennialpark.com.

Martin Luther King Jr. National Historic Park allows you to tour Martin Luther King Jr.'s birth home and the area where he once preached and where he is laid to rest. Visit the National Park Service's Web site at www.nps.gov.

The World of Coca Cola. Ever wonder what made this drink one of the world's favorite beverages? Tour the factory for the history of how this popular beverage came to be and what it is today. For the factory's hours visit www.woccatlanta.com.

Underground Atlanta. This shopping mecca is located in downtown Atlanta near all of the city's historic sites. Underground Atlanta hosts a variety of shops, restaurants and street vendors. Visit www.underground-atlanta.com.

Delta Airlines has been designated as the official carrier for the attendees of the AAAR 2004 Conference. Delta Airlines is offering special rates which allow you 5% discount off Delta's published round-trip fares within the continental United States for travel during October 1-10, 2004. Applicable restrictions must be met. Seats are limited.

A 10% discount will be offered on Delta's domestic system for travel to the meeting based on the published unrestricted round-trip coach (Y06) rates. If you purchase your ticket 60 days or more prior to your departure dates, you can receive an additional 5% bonus discount.

Special round-trip Zone Fares are also available to all cities served by Delta and Delta Song in the continental United States - for savings on midweek travel to the meeting. Two day minimum; no Saturday night stay required. Only seven days advanced reservations and ticketing. Fares are fully refundable, less administrative service fee.

To take advantage of these rates please call 800-241-6760. Please use the reference file number DMN204414A.

Hartsfield Atlanta International Airport
Distance from hotel: 13 miles

Driving Directions
Getting to and from the Hartsfield Atlanta International Airport:
Limousine - typical minimum charge is
USD 75.00
Link Shuttle Service - typical minimum charge is USD 16.00
Taxi - typical minimum charge is USD 25.00

Traveling on Interstate 20 West and Eastbound:
Take 75/85 North, take the right-hand exit 248-C (International Blvd.). Turn left onto International Blvd. Turn right at the third traffic light onto Peachtree Center Avenue. Hyatt Regency Atlanta’s Motor Lobby entrance is one block on the left.

When traveling Southbound on 75/85, and traveling from GA 400:
Exit 249-C (Williams Street). Go straight off exit. At the fourth traffic light, turn left onto Harris Street. Then take the third left onto Peachtree Center Avenue. Hyatt Regency Atlanta's Motor Lobby entrance is on the left.

Rental Car
Delta Airlines group and meeting customers may take advantage of special negotiated rates with Avis Rent-A-Car. Please call Avis, toll free at 1-800-331-1600. Reference Code D086707.

Shuttle
It is not necessary to make reservations to take the Link Shuttle Service prior to arrival. However, if you wish to contact the Link you may do so by calling 404-524-3400. Shuttles will be waiting outside of the baggage claim area. There will be a 5-10 minute wait for your shuttle to arrive. For your return trip, you should contact the Link the morning of your departure.

The prestigious AAAR Awards Program offers support and recognition to individuals who have shown outstanding achievement in aerosol science and technology.

As part of a new five year initiative, AAAR will focus on one award per year to raise awareness and encourage contributions. This year the David Sinclair Award is featured. This award is presented to a senior scientist still active in his/her career and recognizes sustained excellence in aerosol research and technology. The Sinclair Award will be highlighted during the conference at a booth in the exhibit area. In addition, for each contribution made to this award in 2004, AAAR will match it up to $1000. We strongly encourage you to make a contribution!

Other awards presented after each Plenary Session:
Kenneth T. Whitby Award - Awarded to a young scientist in recognition of outstanding contributions to aerosol science and technology. The recipient must have completed his/her highest degree within the last 10 years.
Sheldon K. Friedlander Award - Awarded to a young scientist in recognition of an outstanding thesis. The recipient must have completed his/her doctoral thesis within the past 3 years.
Benjamin Y.H. Liu Award - Awarded to an aerosol scientist for outstanding contributions to aerosol instrumentation & experimental techniques that have significantly advanced the science and technology of aerosols.
Thomas T. Mercer Joint Prize - Awarded to an aerosol scientist for outstanding contributions in the field of aerosols in medicine; awarded jointly by AAAR and the International Society of Aerosols in Medicine (ISAM).

Student assistants perform a variety of important tasks that ensure the smooth functioning of tutorials, platform and poster sessions, as well as numerous activities. Student assistants must work a minimum of four (4) sessions. They may attend two tutorials free of charge. All student assistants are required to attend an orientation meeting at the Hyatt Regency Atlanta hotel on Sunday evening, October 3, 2004. For more information, contact Deanna Bright at the AAAR office at 856-642-4202 or email info@aaar.org, subject: student assistant program.

The conference committee is proud to have four distinguished speakers for plenary sessions. Each speaker offers a stimulating and insightful presentation on topics of current and emerging interest to aerosol scientists.

Tuesday, October 5, 2004
8:00 AM - 8:45 AM
Wolfgang G. Kreyling
GSF-National Research Center for Environment & Health, Institute for Inhalation Biology, Network Focus Aerosols and Health, Neuherberg- Munich, Germany

RECENT ASPECTS OF INHALED PARTICLES DOSIMETRY
Dosimetry of inhaled particles comprises of (1) their deposition on the wall surface of the respiratory tract, (2) their retention and redistribution in the lung tissues and (3) either their clearance out of the body or their translocation towards secondary target organs within the organism. Deposition will depend on the dynamics of aerosol particles, fluid dynamics during breathing, and the geometry of the branching airways and the alveolar structure of the gas exchange region. On the walls of the respiratory tract particles contact first with the mucous or serous lining fluid. Therefore, the fate of particle compounds soluble in this lining fluid needs to be distinguished from slowly dissolving or even insoluble compounds.

While insoluble particles are retained in the lungs they are likely to be redistributed by mechanisms which are currently understood only in part. In contrast to text book teaching particles deposited in the airways are not completely transported by mucociliary action to the larynx but a certain fraction stays in and beyond the airway walls. This fraction increases with decreasing particle size yielding >80% of ultrafine particles deposited in the airways. In the alveolar region particles will be transported across the epithelial barrier. This holds not only for ultrafine but also for micron-sized particles. While the latter are less likely to enter blood circulation - as long as they are not cytotoxic - debate is going on about the fraction of how many ultrafine particles will translocate into blood circulation to reach secondary target organs such as liver, heart, and even brain. There is growing evidence that access of ultrafine particles to secondary organs may affect heart functions, blood viscosity and clotting with an increasing risk for arrhythmic, ischemic and pro-thrombotic responses.

Most important clearance mechanisms are (1) particle transport to the larynx and subsequent passage through the gastro-intestinal-tract and (2) particle digestion and dissolution/absorption by body fluids. The latter may lead to accumulation in secondary target organs. While only a third of all insoluble particles deposited in the alveolar region will be cleared out of the lungs the rest stays in the lungs resulting in an ever increasing load of particulate matter in the lungs and continuous blackening those with increasing age.

Extrapolation of deposition patterns from most healthy animal models can be performed since the differences in anatomy and breathing conditions are widely known but may differ in diseased lungs. In addition, particle retention, redistribution within the lungs and translocation / clearance are based on not fully understood complex mechanisms and differ consistently between rodent models and man such that extrapolation will be limited to specific conditions. These mechanisms may be altered in the susceptible individual such as infants or elderly and diseased or genetically predisposed persons.

Biography: Dr. Kreyling is a biophysicist at the Institute of Inhalation Biology of the GSF - National Research Center for Health & Environment co-chairing the R&D program on “Dosimetry of ultrafine aerosol particles, molecular mechanisms of interaction with primary target cells of the respiratory tract and pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory lung diseases. In addition, he coordinates all aerosol-related research within the GSF Focus-Network Aerosols + Health. His research interests ranges from aerosol sciences to the biophysics of the lungs reaching from the characterization of ambient aerosols to dosimetry and particle lung interactions on the level of the entire organism, cells like alveolar macrophages, and molecular compounds. Dr. Kreyling received his B.A. (Pre-diploma) in physics at the University of Frankfurt, his M.S. (diploma) in physics at the Ludwig-Maximillian-University of Munich and his Ph.D. at the Technical University of Munich. Dr. Kreyling is currently President of the International Society for Aerosols in Medicine (ISAM) an international not-for-profit society that strives to stimulate and further the interdisciplinary cooperation and exchange of information in all aspects of aerosol research in medicine.

Wednesday, October 6, 2004
8:00 AM - 8:45 AM
Armisted G. (Ted) Russell
Georgia Institute of Technology

PARTICULATE MATTER MODELING AND RECONCILING PM SOURCE APPORTIONMENT METHODS
There are two general classes of particulate matter source apportionment methods, one using receptor-based and the other using emissions-based models. Their strengths and weaknesses are complimentary. This has two implications. First, if one can develop hybrid methods (taking the best of both, let’s hope), one can make a major step towards developing source apportionments with greater confidence. Second, if results of the two can be compared and reconciled, the results should also be more robust. Here, emissions-based modeling will be the focus, emphasizing the current state of the models, recent performance evaluations, and source apportionment methods. Analyses of recent studies suggest that the performance of emissions-based PM models are improving significantly. However, significant uncertainties still remain due to emissions and meteorological inputs. A second aspect will be comparison of emissions-based and receptor modeling source apportionments, and the implications. In this regard, CMAQ, PMF and CMB (with and without using molecular markers) have been applied to receptors in Atlanta using detailed data from the Atlanta Supersite, SEARCH and ASACA. The comparisons of the results suggest that there are significant uncertainties left to resolve. Future source apportionment studies should concentrate on understanding and reconciling the differences. As part of this, more uncertainty analysis is needed for the various methods.

Biography: Armistead G. Russell is the Georgia Power Professor and Coordinator of Environmental Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Professor Russell arrived at Georgia Tech in 1996, from Carnegie Mellon University, and has expertise in air quality engineering, with particular emphasis in air quality modeling, air quality monitoring and analysis. He earned his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Mechanical Engineering at the California Institute of Technology in 1980 and 1985, conducting his research at Caltech’s Environmental Quality Laboratory. His B.S. is from Washington State University (1979). Dr. Russell has been a member of a number of the National Research Council’s committees, including chairing the Committee to Review EPA’s Mobile Model and chairing the committee on Carbon Monoxide Episodes in Meteorological and Topographical Problem Areas, and serving on the committee on Tropospheric Ozone Formation and Measurement, the committee on ozone forming potential of reformulated fuels and the committee on Risk Assessment of Hazardous Air Pollutants. Recently, he served on two EPA SAB subcommittees: the CASAC subcommittee on the National Ambient Air Monitoring Strategy and the subcommittee on Air Quality Modeling Subcommittee of the Advisory Council on Clean Air Compliance Analysis. He was also a member of the EPA FACA Subcommittee on Ozone, Particulate Matter and Regional Haze, the North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone and California’s Reactivity Science Advisory Committee.

Thursday, October 7, 2004
8:00 AM - 8:45 AM
Michael R. Zachariah
University of Maryland, Mechanical Engineering and Chemistry

STUDYING THE REACTIVITY OF NANOAEROSOLS
This talk will discuss experimental and computational tools for characterizing the reactivity of aerosols. The first method involves the uses of a tandem differential mobility analyzer to extract surface reaction rates, and has been applied to the problem of reactivity of soot aerosols. From such a measurement we can extract Arrhenius type parameters for various sized and sources of soot particles. The second tool to be discussed is the application of single particle mass spectrometry (SPMS) to measure the elemental composition, size and reactivity of aerosols. We have developed an SPMS which can obtain quantitative elemental composition of single aerosol particles. In turn this approach can be used to measure the change in composition of an aerosol under a reactive condition. We show that reaction rates obtained by conventional thermogravimetric analysis were several orders of magnitude lower, than with the SPMS. We believe these differences are associated with heat and mass transfer limitations associated with bulk methods. Finally we show how atomistic computations (molecular dynamics) can be use to assess particle-particle and gas-particle reactivity. More specifically we look at the oxidation of aluminum nanoparticles and the surface passivition of silicon.

Biography: Michael R. Zachariah is on the faculty at the University of Maryland in the departments of Mechanical Engineering and Chemistry. He holds a B.S in Biochemistry and received the PhD in Chemical Engineering from UCLA in 1986. Prior to his arrival at the University of Maryland, in 2003, he was a faculty member at the University of Minnesota for 6 years and at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for 12 years as a research scientist and leader of the Reacting Flows Group. His research interests include, nanoparticle and aerosol science, and high temperature chemistry in combustion and materials processing.

Friday, October 8, 2004
8:00 AM - 8:45 AM
Susanne Hering
Aerosol Dynamics, Inc

CHARACTERIZATION OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS: YESTERDAY AND TODAY
The last several years has witnessed many advances in the automated measurement of aerosol chemical composition. Examples include the assay of chemical composition through in-situ thermal desorption, on-line ion chromatographic techniques, and a variety of particle beam mass spectrometry methods. This paper will address the first of these, that is those automated methods that examine bulk aerosol, rather than single-particle composition.

Atmospheric air quality studies have traditionally served as a testing ground for new methods. The first of the EPA Supersite experiments, conducted in Atlanta, placed an emphasis on automated measurements, bringing many of them together in an intensive 4-week field campaign in the summer of 2000. All of the EPA Supersites - Fresno, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Baltimore and St. Louis - have used automated methods for aerosol chemical characterization. The data have elucidated differences in the diurnal patterns among constituents, differences with season, and differences among geographic regions. Yet continuous particle chemistry measurements are not new. The 1970s was a period of intensive development of the continuous methods for measuring aerosol sulfate concentrations, with application in field studies in St. Louis and elsewhere. The 1980s saw the utilization of in-situ carbon analyses as part of the air quality studies in southern California. Many of the current advances build on these earlier methods. This presentation will examine current advances from this historic perspective. It will examine emerging methods, and address areas of future advances.

Biography: Susanne Hering is the founder and head of Aerosol Dynamics Inc., a small company specializing in the measurement of airborne particles. She has been an active participant in air quality field studies since the mid-1970s, and is a co-inventor of several methods for the measurement of airborne particles. She holds a doctorate in Physics from the University of Washington, and conducted postdoctoral studies in atmospheric aerosols at California Institute of Technology. She has served on the AAAR Board of Directors and as President of AAAR.

8:00 AM - 9:40 AM • Session 1

1. INTRODUCTION TO AEROSOL MECHANICS I
Dr. William C. Hinds, UCLA School of Public Health, Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Science, Los Angeles, CA

Abstract: These two courses form a sequence that covers basic aerosol mechanics (particle motion) at an introductory level. Topics include: stokes law, settling velocity, slip correction, aerodynamic diameter, non-spherical particles, acceleration, relaxation time, stopping distance, impaction, isokinetic sampling, diffusion, and coagulation. The course covers theory and applications and is suitable for those new to the field and for others who want to brush up on the basics.

William Hinds is a Professor of Environmental Health Sciences at the UCLA School of Public Health. He received a Bachelor’s degree in Mechanical Engineering from Cornell University and a doctorate in Environmental Health from
Harvard University.

2. PM2.5 MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION
Dr. Jay R. Turner, Chemical Engineering Department and Environmental Engineering Program, Washington University, St. Louis, MO

Abstract: Data quality objectives are inherently linked to the intended use of the data (e.g., compliance monitoring, health studies, source apportionment studies) and these objectives guide the measurement strategy. This course will provide an overview of measurement methods to characterize the mass concentration of ambient fine particulate matter within the context of data quality objectives. Substrate and semicontinuous methods will be discussed with emphasis on commercially-available instruments to characterize PM-2.5 mass. Advantages and disadvantages of the various methods will be highlighted. This course is suitable for those seeking a primer on PM-2.5 measurement strategies and hardware.

Jay Turner is an Associate Professor at Washington University in St. Louis. His research interests include measurement methods and field studies to characterize ambient particulate matter and air toxics. He is the Principal Investigator for the St. Louis – Midwest Supersite. Turner received bachelor’s and master’s degrees in Chemical Engineering from UCLA and a doctorate in Chemical Engineering from Washington University in St. Louis.

3. UNDERSTANDING AND PREDICTING THE GAS/PARTICLE PARTITIONING OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS USING ELEMENTARY THEORETICAL CONCEPTS - CANCELLED
Dr. James Pankow, Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, Beaverton, OR

4. AEROSOLS AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Dr. Stephen E. Schwartz, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton NY, 11973

Abstract: Atmospheric aerosol particles scatter and absorb shortwave (solar) radiation and, by serving as nuclei for cloud droplet formation, affect the number concentration of cloud droplets, in turn influencing cloud reflectance and precipitation formation. The influences of anthropogenic aerosols on Earth’s radiation budget are substantial locally and globally. At present radiative forcing of climate change by anthropogenic aerosols is considered the most uncertain component of forcing of climate change over the industrial period, largely on account of uncertainties in the amount and properties of these aerosols. This tutorial presents an overview of these phenomena and identifies the aerosol properties that must be known to quantify their radiative influences, permitting calculations of the aerosol perturbations to shortwave irradiance and of their sensitivity to controlling variables.

Stephen E. Schwartz is a senior scientist at Brookhaven National Laboratory. He received his bachelor’s degree from Harvard and his Ph.D. from the University of California (Berkeley), both in chemistry.

10:00 AM - 11:40 AM • Session 2

5. INTRO TO AEROSOL MECHANICS II
Dr. William C. Hinds, UCLA School of Public Health, Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Science, Los Angeles, CA

Abstract: These two courses form a sequence that covers basic aerosol mechanics (particle motion) at an introductory level. Topics include: stokes law, settling velocity, slip correction, aerodynamic diameter, non-spherical particles, acceleration, relaxation time, stopping distance, impaction, isokinetic sampling, diffusion, and coagulation. The course covers theory and applications and is suitable for those new to the field and for others who want to brush up on the basics.

William Hinds is a Professor of Environmental Health Sciences at the UCLA School of Public Health. He received a Bachelor’s degree in Mechanical Engineering from Cornell University and a doctorate in Environmental Health from
Harvard University.

6. SEMICONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF AEROSOL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Dr. Rodney Weber, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Atlanta, GA

Abstract: In the past few years there has been a proliferation of methods for automated on-line measurements of particle chemical composition in real, or near real-time. These techniques collect ambient particles in a manner that permits them to be directly coupled to existing analytical devices. Although these approaches generally only provide measurements of bulk chemical composition, they often have unique advantages. Some are highly quantitative and are capable of measuring a wide range of chemical compounds. Others are relatively low in cost and can operate unattended for extended periods. A review conveying the wide breadth of these types of approaches will be presented. Highlights from a variety of both ground and airborne experiments will also be discussed to demonstrate the capabilities of these instruments for measuring both inorganic and organic components of ambient particles.

Rodney Weber is an Associate Professor in the School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at the Georgia Institute of Technology. He received a Bachelor’s degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Waterloo, and Masters and Doctorate degrees Mechanical Engineering from the University of Minnesota.

7. SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL FORMATION
Dr. Richard Kamens, University of North Carolina, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC

Abstract: The session will begin with a historical review of SOA formation. Ambient observations relating ambient SOA contributions to organic carbon will then be presented. Semi-volatile gas-particle partitioning theory will be reviewed as it applies to SOA formation and two different types of SOA models that are used by the technical community will be developed. Some discussion of analytical techniques commonly used to measure SOA compounds will also be presented.

For most of his research career Professor Kamens has focused on the chemical transformations that occur on atmospheric particles and more than two decades ago, he pioneered the use of outdoor environmental smog chambers to study these systems. During the past decade his research group has focused on organic semi-volatile gas-particle partitioning. Over the past 5 years, they have developed kinetics models to predict secondary aerosol formation from biogenic hydrocarbons and most recently, aromatics.

8. BIOAEROSOLS: EXTENDING NON-CULTURE BASED METHODS FOR CHARACTERIZING MICROORGANISMS AND PRIMARY BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS IN AIR
Dr. Mark Hernandez, Associate Professor, Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO

Abstract: This presentation will provide an overview of technical considerations for adapting modern aerosol sampling protocols for the direct microscopic and molecular characterization of airborne viruses, bacteria, fungi, and their spores. The presentation will include a synopsis of recent research, where culture-based bioaerosol investigations were complemented with other microbiological characterization methods employing selective biological stains and modern molecular techniques including genetic probes, immunochemical assays, and genetic libraries. Molecular and microscopic enumeration methods will be compared to traditional culture-based methods in terms of detection limits, bias and recovery factors, and interpretations of results. Molecular developments for bioaerosol characterization have been predominantly applied to indoor environments, and the challenges of extending current bioaerosol characterization technology to outdoor environments, and disinfection assessments will be addressed.

Mark Hernandez is an associate professor of environmental engineering at the University of Colorado at Boulder. His research interfaces classical industrial hygiene and sanitary engineering with recent advances in molecular biology to study airborne primary biological materials and the microbial ecology of aerosols under in situ conditions. Dr. Hernandez teaches courses on introductory environmental engineering, wastewater engineering, and applied environmental microbiology.

1:00 PM - 2:40 PM • Session 3

9. AEROSOL MASS SPECTROMETRY, PART 1: LASER ABLATION TECHNIQUES
Dr. Daniel J. Cziczo, NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory and CIRES, University of Colorado, CO

Abstract: The past decade has seen the emergence of several methods capable of determining the size and chemical composition of aerosol particles in real-time using mass spectrometry. Advances in inlet design, detection, and spectrometric techniques during this period have led to high-resolution sizing information, single particle analysis, and quantitative analysis of aerosol components. This tutorial, Part 1, will summarize the current state of laser-ablation mass spectrometry techniques, which have generally been implemented at the single particle level. An emphasis will be placed on studies of atmospheric particles. Recent and future applications of these techniques, such as studies of cloud formation and heterogeneous chemistry, will be discussed. The next tutorial (Part 2) will cover thermal-desorption techniques that typically analyze a small ensemble of aerosols.

Dan Cziczo is a Research Scientist at the NOAA Aeronomy Lab in Boulder, Colorado. He received a bachelor’s degree in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from the University of Illinois and a doctorate in Geophysical Sciences from the University of Chicago.

10. HETEROGENEOUS CHEMISTRY
Dr. Michael Mozurkewich, York University, Department of Chemistry, North York, CA

Abstract: Heterogeneous reactions alter the composition of both the gas and particle phases in the atmosphere. This presentation will provide an overview these reactions as they apply to atmospheric chemistry. The presentation will begin with a physical description of the various processes that affect the rates of heterogeneous reactions and how they vary in relative importance as a function of particle size. The add-as-resistance model, used to account for these processes, will be descibed (equations will be provided in a handout). A brief overview of experimental techniques will be given. The major heterogeneous reactions that may be of importance in the troposphere will be reviewed.

Michael Mozurkewich is Professor of Chemistry at York University. He received a BS degree from Albright college and a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago. He teaches courses in Atmospheric Chemistry, Heterogeneous Processes, and Chemical Thermodynamics. His research focuses on gas-particle reactions and gas-to-particle conversion.

11. INSIDE OUT: FACTORS AFFECTING THE INDOOR CONCENTRATION OF OUTDOOR AEROSOLS
Melissa Lunden, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Atmospheric Sciences Department, Berkeley, CA

Abstract: People spend the majority of their time indoors in residences, offices, schools, and other public buildings while measurements used to assess exposure to particulate matter are often performed outdoors. Buildings can be considered small chemical reaction chambers embedded in the larger outdoor atmosphere with different surface to volume ratios, temperatures, and residence times, which interact with and are influenced by the outside. This tutorial will provide an overview of the processes that affect the transport and fate of outdoor PM into the indoor environment. The physical processes that govern particle transport into and within buildings, including building ventilation, penetration losses, and particle deposition, will be illustrated. The importance of particle chemical composition will be emphasized, including descriptions of interactions between the particle and gas phase that can affect indoor concentrations. The presentation will also cover the role of indoor sources and surfaces. This tutorial will address both basic principles and the latest research findings.

Melissa Lunden is a scientist in the Atmospheric Sciences Department at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. She received her Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the California Institute of Technology. Her research interests involve atmospheric applications of aerosol science, with recent focus on the link between ambient and indoor air quality.

12. PARTICLES FROM ENGINES: FORMATION AND MEASUREMENT
Dr. David Kittelson, University of Minnesota, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Minneapolis, MN

Abstract: Formation and measurement of particles by Diesel and spark ignition engines will be reviewed. The basic engine cycle and combustion regimes leading to particle formation will be described. Current Diesel engines produce a bimodal size distribution in the submicron range with a nuclei mode containing most of the particle number in the 3-30 nm diameter range and an accumulation mode containing most of the particle mass in the 30-500 nm range. Nuclei mode particles form mainly from heavy hydrocarbons and sulfuric acid and their formation is strongly influenced by dilution and sampling conditions. Solid nuclei mode particles may form from metals in the lube oil or fuel. The accumulation mode consists primarily of solid carbonaceous agglomerates and adsorbed hydrocarbons and sulfates. Solid particles may be nearly completely eliminated by filters but filters may not remove the gas phase precursors that lead to the formation of volatile particles. Particle formation by spark ignition engines is much more dependent upon operating conditions than in Diesel engines and takes place mainly under cold start and high load conditions. Worn engines are also a significant particle source. The particles formed by these engines are typically smaller than those from Diesel engines. When measuring engine particles, the correct sampling and dilution conditions are at least as important as appropriate selection and use of instruments. Modest changes in sampling and dilution conditions can change measured number concentrations by 1 – 2 orders of magnitude. Sampling and dilution issues will be described and typical measurements of number, surface area and size distribution will be shown.

Prof. David B. Kittelson is the Frank B. Rowley Distinguished Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Director, Center for Diesel Research, University of Minnesota. He received his B.S. and M.S. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Minnesota and his Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Cambridge. Research interests lie in the areas of energy conversion and particle technology with a focus on the formation of pollutants and contaminants, especially particulate matter, by energy conversion and manufacturing processes. He has worked on the measurement of particle emissions from Diesel engines for nearly 30 years.

3:00 PM - 4:40 PM • Session 4

13. AEROSOL MASS SPECTROMETRY, PART 2: THERMAL DESORPTION TECHNIQUES
Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Cooperative Institute for Research on the Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado-Boulder, CO

Abstract: The past decade has seen the emergence of several methods capable of determining the size and chemical composition of aerosol particles in real-time using mass spectrometry. Advances in inlet design, detection, and spectrometric techniques during this period have led to high-resolution sizing information, single particle analysis, and quantitative analysis of aerosol components. This tutorial (Part 2) covers the current state of thermal desorption (TD) techniques, including the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS). TD instruments generally report composition for the aerosol ensemble but are typically more quantifiable than laser-ablation techniques (the latter are the focus of Part 1). Instrumentation, the possibilities and limitations for quantification, and applications of TD techniques to laboratory and field studies will be discussed. Some directions for future research in this area will be outlined.

Prof. Jimenez received a double MS in Mechanical Engineering from the Universities of Zaragoza (Spain) and Compiegne (France) in 1993; and a PhD from MIT in 1998. From 1999 to mid-2002, he was a Research Scientist, first at Aerodyne Research & MIT, and later at Caltech. His current research interests center on aerosol mass spectrometry instrument development and ground and aircraft field studies.

14. RESPIRATORY DOSE ASSESSMENT OF INHALED PARTICLES IN THE HUMAN LUNGS
Dr. Chong Kim, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Human Studies Division, Research Triangle Park, NC

Abstract: Deposition dose and site within the lung vary widely depending on particle size, breathing pattern, and lung morphology. Total and regional lung deposition may vary with age and gender. In persons with obstructive lung disease, deposition tends to localize in small regions within the lung resulting in a marked increase in local or regional dose. All of these are crucial factors for effective delivery of aerosolized drugs on the one hand and accurate assessment of health risk to exposure to pollutant aerosols on the other hand. This course will review the current status of lung deposition data, discuss the role of each of the critical deposition factors, and discuss about new approaches in measuring respiratory deposition and analyzing the data.

Chong S.Kim is a senior research scientist and a project leader of human dosimetry program at the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory of the US EPA. He is an Adjunct Professor of Environmental Science and Engineering at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering at the North Carolina State University. He received his BS, MS and Ph.D. (Particle Technology) in Mechanical Engineering from Seoul National University, South Korea, University of Wisconsin-Madison, and University of Minnesota-Minneapolis, respectively. He has nearly 30 years of experience in aerosol research, mostly in the area of respiratory dose assessment of inhaled particles.

15. REGIONAL MODELING OF AEROSOLS
Dr. Betty K. Pun, Atmospheric and Environmental Research, San Ramon, CA

Abstract: Aerosol modeling is an important tool for understanding particulate matter and regional haze and the response to control strategies that may be placed on precursor emissions. Regional chemical transport models are complex in formulation because they represent a wide range of processes that affect the aerosol mass, composition, and size distribution. These processes include emissions of aerosols and precursors, advection and diffusion, gas-phase chemistry, nucleation, condensation/evaporation, coagulation, cloud processing, heterogeneous chemistry, and wet and dry deposition. Current regional models differ in the representation of particulate matter size distribution and composition and details in the gas-phase and aerosol-phase processes. Different modeling approaches will be presented, using examples of current models (e.g., CMAQ, CMAQ/MADRID, CAMx) and their applications. Current challenges of regional modeling of aerosols will also be discussed.

Betty Pun is a Senior Scientist in the Air Quality Division at Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. She received a Bachelor’s degree in Chemical Engineering from the California Institute of Technology and her Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Her research interests include secondary organic aerosols and regional modeling of particulate matter and regional haze.

16. AEROSOLS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY
Dr. Richard C. Flagan, California Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pasadena, California

Abstract: Aerosols play an important role in advancing nanotechnology, enabling synthesis of highly structured nanoparticles, control of phase and composition, and a wide range of materials. Nanocomposites incorporating aerosol nanoparticles have a long history. Nanoparticle-based static and optically-addressable memories have been demonstrated, and a wide range of other applications are being explored. An increasing variety of aerosol nanoparticle synthesis reactors are being employed to address needs for flexibility in laboratory application and scale-up for technological developments. This tutorial will examine recent advances in both synthesis of aerosol nanoparticles and their applications.

Rick Flagan is the Irma and Ross McCollum Professor of Chemical Engineering at the California Institute of Technology, and the Editor-in-Chief of Aerosol Science and Technology. He has been researching aerosol processing of materials for over two decades. His current research in this area focuses on the fabrication of nanostructured electronic and photonic devices from aerosol nanoparticles, and new approaches to aerosol nanoparticle measurement.